贛語特徵詞
贛語特徵詞是指贛語在詞彙上區別於其他漢語的個有特徵,即贛語區內,在一定地域、有一定批量、區內大體一致、區外相對殊異的詞彙。
特徵詞的使用為贛語與其他漢語分區提供一個較為可行和較為科學的依據,以彌補歷來憑藉語音標準劃分的不足。而論及贛語和周邊漢語的關係,曹廷玉最終發現贛語和客家話、湘語的關係是最為親密和重要的。
一級特徵詞
甲等(和外區少交叉)
特徵詞 | 南昌 | 永修 | 萍鄉 | 新喻 | 峽江 | 永新 | 黎川 | 撫州 | 餘干 | 弋陽 |
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鬥——逆 | ![]() |
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莽——長 | ![]() |
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話——說 | ![]() |
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呼——叫喚 | ![]() |
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拐——腳殘 | ![]() |
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熰——捂暖 | ![]() |
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較——比試 | ![]() |
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承——托起 | ![]() |
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莝——段、節 | ![]() |
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跡——手腳印 | ![]() |
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楔——墊桌腳 | ![]() |
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矺——下賭注 | ![]() |
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簕——植物刺 | ![]() |
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通書——曆書 | ![]() |
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秺帚——竹掃 | ![]() |
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觸人——嗆鼻 | ![]() |
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撇脫——容易 | ![]() |
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誺記——忘記 | ![]() |
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清湯——混沌 | ![]() |
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磉石——柱下石 | ![]() |
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丩圓——圓溜溜 | ![]() |
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丩酸——酸溜溜 | ![]() |
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喫價——了不起 | ![]() |
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單身——單身漢 | ![]() |
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咽——嗓子沙啞 | ![]() |
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澄——液體沉澱 | ![]() |
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舞——萬能動詞 | ![]() |
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砑——強行塞入 | ![]() |
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作田嗰——農民 | ![]() |
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喫冤枉——貪污 | ![]() |
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來得贏——來得及 | ![]() |
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乙等(和外區有交叉)
特徵詞 | 南昌 | 永修 | 萍鄉 | 新喻 | 峽江 | 永新 | 黎川 | 撫州 | 餘干 | 弋陽 |
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嗅——聞 | ![]() |
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湊——再 | ![]() |
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到——遍 | ![]() |
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厾——捅 | ![]() |
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掟——丟 | ![]() |
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𠞭——挖 | ![]() |
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崽——兒子 | ![]() |
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置——購買 | ![]() |
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戳——性交 | ![]() |
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匐——趴著 | ![]() |
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撐——頂撞 | ![]() |
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烊——興旺 | ![]() |
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䞀——羡慕 | ![]() |
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㒓——錯過 | ![]() |
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栽禾——插秧 | ![]() |
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發火——生火 | ![]() |
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整病——治病 | ![]() |
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著氣——生氣 | ![]() |
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洋泥——水泥 | ![]() |
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撮起——鏟起 | ![]() |
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正——辦妥當 | ![]() |
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閕——張開口 | ![]() |
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䐬——食物脆 | ![]() |
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腳㬹——腳後跟 | ![]() |
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肚裏——肚子裏 | ![]() |
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磨人——折磨人 | ![]() |
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隻——萬能量詞 | ![]() |
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洇——水漬擴散 | ![]() |
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咬——藥水刺激 | ![]() |
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間幾日——隔幾天 | ![]() |
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參考資料
- 《贛方言特徵詞研究》,曹廷玉,2001年5月
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