Éritréa

Eritréa (Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Basa Arab: إرتريا Iritrīyā), resmina Nagara Éritréa, mangrupa hiji nagara di Tanduk Afrika. Ngaran "Éritréa" diturunan ti kecap basa Yunani, Erethria, nu hartina 'lemah beureum'. Ibu kotana nyaéta Asmara. Nagara ieu tepung watzs jeung Sudan di kulon, Éthiopia di kidul, sarta Djibouti di tenggara. Bagian kalér-wétan jeung wétan nagara miboga basisir nu lega di gigireun Laut Beureum, di peuntas langsung ti Arab Saudi jeung Yaman. Kapuloan Dahlak jeung sababaraha ti Kapuloan Hanish mangrupa bagian ti nagara ieu.

ሃገረ ኤርትራ
Hagere Ertra
دولة إرتريا
Dawlat Iritrīya
State of Eritrea
Nagara Éritréa
Bandéra Éritréa Emblem Éritréa
Lagu
Ertra, Ertra, Ertra
Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea
Location of Éritréa
Location of Éritréa
Ibu kota
(jeung kota panggedéna) 		Asmara
15°20′N 38°55′E
Basa resmi Basa Tigrinya, Basa Arab, Basa Inggris [1]
Grup étnis  55% Tigrinya, 30% Tigre, 4% Saho, 2% Kunama, 2% Rashaida, 2% Bilen, 5% nu lian (Afar, Beni, Amir, Nera) (pakr. 2010) [1]
Démonim Eritrean
Pamaréntah Pamaréntahan samentawis
 -  Présidén Isaias Afewerki
Kamerdikaan
 -  Ti Italia Nopémber 1941 
 -  Ti Britania Raya dina Mandat PBB 1951 
 -  Ti Éthiopia de facto 24 Méi 1991 
 -  Ti Éthiopia de jure 24 Méi 1993 
Aréa
 -  Total 117.600 km² (ka-100)
45.405 mil² 
 -  Cai (%) 0,14%
Populasi
 -  Perkiraan  2011 5.824.000 (ka-109)
 -  Sénsus 2008 5.291.370 
 -  Kapadetan 43,1 /km² (ka-165)
111,7 /mil²
GDP (PPP) Perkiraan 2011
 -  Total $3,625 milyar[2] 
 -  Per kapita $720[2] 
GDP (nominal) Perkiraan 2011
 -  Total $2,590 milyar[2] 
 -  Per kapita $472[2] 
HDI (2007) ▬ 0,472 (handap) (ka-165)
Mata uang Nakfa (ERN)
Zona wanci EAT (UTC+3)
 -  Usum panas (DST) teu kaobsérvasi (UTC+3)
TLD Internét .er
Kode telepon +291
1 ,.[3][4]

Région jeung distrik
Artikel utama: Région di Éritréa, Distrik di Éritréa
Peta Éritréa

Éritréa dibagi kana genep région (zobas) jeung dibagi deui kana distrik (sub-zobas).

No. Région (ዞባ) Sub-région (ንኡስ ዞባ)
1 Tengah
(ዞባ ማእከል)		 Berikh, Ghala-Nefhi, Semienawi Mibraq, Serejaka, Debubawi Mibraq, Semienawi Mi'erab, Debubawi Mi'erab, Asmara
2 Kidul
(ዞባ ደቡብ)		 Adi Keyh, Adi Quala, Areza, Debarwa, Dekemhare, Mai Ayni, Mai Mne, Mendefera, Segeneiti, Senafe, Tserona
3 Gash-Barka
(ዞባ ጋሽ ባርካ)		 Agordat, Barentu, Dghe, Forto, Gogne, Haykota, Logo-Anseba, Mensura, Mogolo, Molki, Guluj, Shambuko, Tesseney, La'elay Gash
4 Anseba
(ዞባ ዓንሰባ)		 Adi Tekelezan, Asmat, Elabéréd, Geleb, Hagaz, Halhal, Habero, Keren, Kerkebet, Sel'a
5 Laut Beureum Kalér
(ዞባ ሰሜናዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ)		 Afabet, Dahlak, Ghel'alo, Foro, Ghinda, Karura, Massawa, Nakfa, She'eb
6 Laut Beureum Kidul
(ዞባ ደቡባዊ ቀይሕ ባሕሪ)		 Are'eta, Dankalia Tengah, Dankalia Kidul, Assab

Réferénsi
  1. CIA – The World Factbook – Eritrea Archived 2020-05-15 di Wayback Machine
  2. "Eritrea". International Monetary Fund. Diakses tanggal 2011-11-06. Archived 2021-03-01 di Wayback Machine
  3. "Les langues en Erythrée". Cy.revues.org. 2000-01-14. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-02. Archived 2010-01-06 di Wayback Machine
  4. "Eritrea" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2010-05-02. Archived 2015-05-05 di Wayback Machine

Bacaan salajengna
  • Cliffe, Lionel; Connell, Dan; Davidson, Basil (2005), Taking on the Superpowers: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution (1976–1982). Red Séa Press, ISBN 1-56902-188-0
  • Cliffe, Lionel & Davidson, Basil (1988), The Long Struggle of Eritrea for Independence and Constructive Peace. Spokesman Press, ISBN 0-85124-463-7
  • Connell, Dan (1997), Against All Odds: A Chronicle of the Eritrean Revolution With a New Afterword on the Postwar Transition. Red Séa Press, ISBN 1-56902-046-9
  • Connell, Dan (2001), Rethinking Revolution: New Strategies for Democracy & Social Justice : The Experiences of Eritrea, South Africa, Palestine & Nicaragua. Red Séa Press, ISBN 1-56902-145-7
  • Connell, Dan (2004), Conversations with Eritrean Political Prisoners. Red Séa Press, ISBN 1-56902-235-6
  • Connell, Dan (2005), Building a New Nation: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution (1983–2002). Red Séa Press, ISBN 1-56902-198-8
  • Firebrace, James & Holand, Stuart (1985), Never Kneel Down: Drought, Development and Liberation in Eritrea. Red Séa Press, ISBN 0-932415-00-8
  • Gebre-Medhin, Jordan (1989), Peasants and Nationalism in Eritrea. Red Séa Press, ISBN 0-932415-38-5
  • Hatem Elliesie: Decentralisation of Higher Education in Eritrea, Afrika Spectrum, Vol. 43 (2008) No. 1, p. 115–120.
  • Hill, Justin (2002), 'Ciao Asmara, A classic account of contemporary Africa'. Little, Brown, ISBN 978-0-349-11526-9
  • Iyob, Ruth (1997), The Eritrean Struggle for Independence : Domination, Resistance, Nationalism, 1941–1993. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-59591-6
  • Jacquin-Berdal, Dominique; Plaut, Martin (2004), Unfinished Business: Ethiopia and Eritrea at War. Red Séa Press, ISBN 1-56902-217-8
  • Johns, Michael (1992), "Does Democracy Have a Chance", Congressional Record, May 6 1992 Archived 2013-08-23 di Wayback Machine
  • Keneally, Thomas (1990), "To Asmara" ISBN 0-446-39171-9
  • Kendie, Daniel (2005), The Five Dimensions Of The Eritrean Conflict 1941–2004: Deciphering the Geo-Political Puzzle. Signature Book Printing, ISBN 1-932433-47-3
  • Killion, Tom (1998), Historical Dictionary of Eritrea. Scarecrow Press, ISBN 0-8108-3437-5
  • Mauri, Arnaldo (2004), "Eritrea's Early Stages in Monetary and Banking Development", International Review of Economics, Vol. LI, n. 4, Archived 2012-01-11 di Wayback Machine
  • Mauri, Arnaldo (1998), "The First Monetary and Banking Experiences in Eritrea", African Review of Money, Finance and Banking, n. 1–2.
  • Müller, Tanja R.: Bare life and the developmental State: the Militarization of Higher Education in Eritrea, Journal of modérn African Studies, Vol. 46 (2008), No. 1, p. 1–21.
  • Ogbaselassie, G (2006-01-10). "Response to remarks by Mr. David Triesman, Britain's parliamentary under-secretary of state with responsibility for Africa". Diakses tanggal 2006-06-07. Archived 2006-11-16 di Wayback Machine
  • Pateman, Roy (1998), Eritrea: Even the Stones Are Burning. Red Séa Press, ISBN 1-56902-057-4
  • Phillipson, David W. (1998), Ancient Ethiopia.
  • Wrong, Michela (2005), I Didn't Do It For You: how the world betrayed a small African Nation. Harper Collins, ISBN 0-06-078092-4

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