Than

Than, ₆C
ngoi-kôn
	graphite: black; diamond: clear; ; Graphite (left) and diamond (right), the two most well-known allotropes of carbon; ; Spectral lines of carbon
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	Than, C
Yîn-ngî	carbon
thùng-su-thí	graphite, diamond
ngoi-hìn	graphite: black; diamond: clear
Than chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
	phìn ← Than → Tham
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	6
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng	12.011 (12.0096–12.0116)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	tô-ngièn-chṳ́ fî-kîm-su̍k, sometimes considered a metalloid
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	14 chhu̍k, p-block
chû-khì	period 2
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[He] 2s2 2p2
per shell	2, 4
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
Sublimation point	3915 K (3642 °C, 6588 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g·cm−3 ; graphite: 2.267 g·cm−3 ; diamond: 3.515 g·cm−3
Sâm-siong-tiám	4600 K, 10,800 kPa
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	graphite: 117 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	graphite: 8.517 J·mol−1·K−1 ; diamond: 6.155 J·mol−1·K−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	+4, +3, +2, +1, 0, −1, −2, −3, −4 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 2.55
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 1086.5 kJ·mol−1 ; 2nd: 2352.6 kJ·mol−1 ; 3rd: 4620.5 kJ·mol−1 ; (more)
Khiung-ka pan-kang	sp3: 77 pm; sp2: 73 pm; sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals pan-kang	170 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	graphite: simple hexagonal ; (black)
Chîn-thí keu-chho	diamond cubic
Sâng-suk thin rod	diamond: 18,350 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	diamond: 0.8 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	graphite: 119–165 W·m−1·K−1 ; diamond: 900–2300 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	graphite: 7.837 µΩ·m
Chhṳ̀-sin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	diamond: 1050 GPa
Shear modulus	diamond: 478 GPa
Bulk modulus	diamond: 442 GPa
Poisson ratio	diamond: 0.1
Mohs hardness	graphite: 1–2 ; diamond: 10
CAS Registry Number	7440-44-0
Le̍k-sú
Fat-hien	Egyptians and Sumerians (3750 BCE)
Recognized as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1789)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
	Chú vùn-chông: Than ke thùng-vi-su

Than (炭, 碳), fe̍t-chá ham-cho than-su (炭素), he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì C, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 6, chhai ngièn-su chû-khì-péu chûng thi-liuk vi.

Chhâm-kháu chṳ̂-liau

↑ Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
↑ 模板:Citeweb
↑ 模板:Citeweb
↑ 模板:Citeweb
1 2 3 4 5 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2004-01-06. 2016-06-12 chhà-khon.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-11-01. 2008-09-12 chhà-khon.
↑ Senese, Fred (2000-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. 2007-11-24 chhà-khon.

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[CIAAW-1] Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[IUPAC-2] Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[CRC-3] Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[triple2-4] Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.

[triple3-5] Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.

[6] 模板:Citeweb

[7] 模板:Citeweb

[8] 模板:Citeweb

[ioffe-9] 1 2 3 4 5 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database

[10] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2004-01-06. 2016-06-12 chhà-khon.

[11] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[12] "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-11-01. 2008-09-12 chhà-khon.

[13] Senese, Fred (2000-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. 2007-11-24 chhà-khon.

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