Teaniini

Teaniini
Tunnisteet
CAS-numero	3081-61-6
IUPAC-nimi	(2S)-2-amino-5-(etyyliamino)-5-oksopentaanihappo
SMILES	CCNC(=O)CCC(C(=O)O)N
Ominaisuudet
Kemiallinen kaava	C7H14N2O3
Moolimassa	174,20 g/mol
Sulamispiste	117 °C
	Infobox OKVirheellinen NIMI-arvo

Teaniini (myös L-teaniini, 5-N-etyyli-L-glutamiini) on aminohappo, jota on teepensaan (Camellia sinensis) lehdistä uutetussa teessä. Teaniinilla on lievä rentouttava vaikutus.

Teaniinia ei tule sekoittaa teiiniin, joka on teen sisältämästä kofeiinista käytetty nimitys.

Terveysvaikutukset

Euroopan elintarviketurvallisuusvirasto ei selvityksessään löytänyt tieteellisiä perusteita väitteille, joiden mukaan teaniini parantaisi kognitiivisia kykyjä, vähentäisi stressiä, ylläpitäisi normaalia unta tai vähentäisi kuukautisiin liittyvää epämukavuutta.[1]

Vuonna 2003 Brigham and Women's Hospital julkaisi tutkimuksen jonka mukaan teaniini voi tukea kehon immuunijärjestelmää tehostamalla tiettyjen T-solujen toimintaa. Vertailuryhmässä teetä kahvin sijasta juoneiden verinäytteistä havaittiin viisi kertaa suurempi määrä antibakteerisia proteiineja.[2]

Teaniini läpäisee veriaivoesteen ja sillä on psykoaktiivisia ominaisuuksia.[3] Teaniinin on osoitettu vähentävän tiettyjä fysiologisia ja psykologisia reaktioita stressiin.[4] Vihreästä teestä tehdyn uutteen ja teaniinin yhdistelmän on eräässä tutkimuksessa havaittu parantaneen lievistä kognitiivista rajoitteista kärsineiden ihmisten muistia ja keskittymiskykyä.[5] Kofeiinin ja teaniinin yhdistelmän on havaittu vaikuttavan positiivisesti tiettyihin kognitiivisiin kykyihin.[6][7]

Lähteet

Carlo Agostoni, Jean-Louis Bresson, Susan Fairweather-Tait, Albert Flynn, Ines Golly, Hannu Korhonen, Pagona Lagiou, Martinus Løvik, Rosangela Marchelli, Ambroise Martin, Bevan Moseley, Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold, Hildegard Przyrembel, Seppo Salminen, Yolanda Sanz, Sean (J.J.) Strain, Stephan Strobel, Inge Tetens, Daniel Tomé, Hendrik van Loveren and Hans Verhagen: Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to L-theanine from Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (tea) and improvement of cognitive function (ID 1104, 1222, 1600, 1601, 1707, 1935, 2004, 2005), alleviation of psychological stress (ID 1598, 1601), maintenance of normal sleep (ID 1222, 1737, 2004) and reduction of menstrual discomfort (ID 1599) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal 2011;9(6):2238, 30.6.2011. European Food Safety Authority. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2238 [{{{www}}} Artikkelin verkkoversio].
Kamath A, Wang L, Das H, Li L, Reinhold V, Bukowski J: Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vgamma 2Vdelta 2 T cells in vitro and in vivo for memory and nonmemory antibacterial cytokine responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2003, nro vol.100(10).
Gomez-Ramirez M; Higgins, BA; Rycroft, JA; Owen, GN; Mahoney, J; Shpaner, M; Foxe, JJ (2007). "The Deployment of Intersensory Selective Attention: A High-density Electrical Mapping Study of the Effects of Theanine". Clin Neuropharmacol 30 (1): 25–38. DOI:10.1097/01.WNF.0000240940.13876.17. PMID 17272967.
Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja L, Ohira H (2007). "L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses". Biol Psychol 74 (1): 39–45. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006. PMID 16930802.
Park SK. Jung IC. Lee WK. Lee YS. Park HK. Go HJ. Kim K. Lim NK. Hong JT. Ly SY. Rho SS. (2011). "A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study". Journal of Medicinal Food 14 (4): 334–343. DOI:10.1089/jmf.2009.1374. PMID 21303262.
Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB (2008). "The effects of l-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood". Biol Psychol 77 (2): 113–22. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008. PMID 18006208
"Distracted? Tea might help your focus". sciencenews.org. September 29th, 2007. "John J. Foxe of the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, N.Y., and his colleagues recruited 16 people for tests of attentiveness on four days. Before testing, each individual drank a glass of water. On 3 days, the drink was spiked with 100 milligrams of theanine, 60 mg of caffeine, or both. The theanine dose was equivalent to that in 4 to 5 cups of tea, and the caffeine translated to about 2.5 cups of tea. In the difficult tests, participants watched a computer screen and pressed a button when a designated shape appeared on the side of a busy visual field to which an arrow had previously pointed. Participants' accuracy differed little between days when they got water alone or with only one additive. Accuracy improved dramatically, however, on the day that they got the theanine-caffeine combination. The attention benefit lasted throughout the 3 hours of testing."

Aiheesta muualla

PubChem: Theanine (englanniksi)
KEGG: L-Theanine (englanniksi)
ChemBlink: L-Theanine (englanniksi)

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[1] Carlo Agostoni, Jean-Louis Bresson, Susan Fairweather-Tait, Albert Flynn, Ines Golly, Hannu Korhonen, Pagona Lagiou, Martinus Løvik, Rosangela Marchelli, Ambroise Martin, Bevan Moseley, Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold, Hildegard Przyrembel, Seppo Salminen, Yolanda Sanz, Sean (J.J.) Strain, Stephan Strobel, Inge Tetens, Daniel Tomé, Hendrik van Loveren and Hans Verhagen: Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to L-theanine from Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (tea) and improvement of cognitive function (ID 1104, 1222, 1600, 1601, 1707, 1935, 2004, 2005), alleviation of psychological stress (ID 1598, 1601), maintenance of normal sleep (ID 1222, 1737, 2004) and reduction of menstrual discomfort (ID 1599) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal 2011;9(6):2238, 30.6.2011. European Food Safety Authority. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2238 [{{{www}}} Artikkelin verkkoversio].

[2] Kamath A, Wang L, Das H, Li L, Reinhold V, Bukowski J: Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vgamma 2Vdelta 2 T cells in vitro and in vivo for memory and nonmemory antibacterial cytokine responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2003, nro vol.100(10).

[3] Gomez-Ramirez M; Higgins, BA; Rycroft, JA; Owen, GN; Mahoney, J; Shpaner, M; Foxe, JJ (2007). "The Deployment of Intersensory Selective Attention: A High-density Electrical Mapping Study of the Effects of Theanine". Clin Neuropharmacol 30 (1): 25–38. DOI:10.1097/01.WNF.0000240940.13876.17. PMID 17272967.

[4] Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja L, Ohira H (2007). "L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses". Biol Psychol 74 (1): 39–45. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006. PMID 16930802.

[5] Park SK. Jung IC. Lee WK. Lee YS. Park HK. Go HJ. Kim K. Lim NK. Hong JT. Ly SY. Rho SS. (2011). "A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study". Journal of Medicinal Food 14 (4): 334–343. DOI:10.1089/jmf.2009.1374. PMID 21303262.

[6] Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB (2008). "The effects of l-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood". Biol Psychol 77 (2): 113–22. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008. PMID 18006208

[7] "Distracted? Tea might help your focus". sciencenews.org. September 29th, 2007. "John J. Foxe of the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research in Orangeburg, N.Y., and his colleagues recruited 16 people for tests of attentiveness on four days. Before testing, each individual drank a glass of water. On 3 days, the drink was spiked with 100 milligrams of theanine, 60 mg of caffeine, or both. The theanine dose was equivalent to that in 4 to 5 cups of tea, and the caffeine translated to about 2.5 cups of tea. In the difficult tests, participants watched a computer screen and pressed a button when a designated shape appeared on the side of a busy visual field to which an arrow had previously pointed. Participants' accuracy differed little between days when they got water alone or with only one additive. Accuracy improved dramatically, however, on the day that they got the theanine-caffeine combination. The attention benefit lasted throughout the 3 hours of testing."