Padmasambhava

Padmasambhava
	; Irudi gehiago
Bizitza
Jaiotza	Oddiyana (en) , 717 (egutegi gregorianoa)
Heriotza	762 (egutegi gregorianoa) (44/45 urte)
Hezkuntza
Hizkuntzak	Tibetera
Irakaslea(k)	Longku Dorjé Sempa (en) ; Trawa Ha Ti (en) ; Sri Singha (en) ; Śākyaprabha (en) ; Salwé Gyen (en) ; Chomdendé Tamdrin (en) ; Traktung Nakpo (en) ; Dewa Sal Dzé (en)
Ikaslea(k)	ikusi Nyak Lotsawa Yeshe Shyönnu (en) ; Khar Chen Pal Gyi Wangchuk (en) ; yudra nyingpo (en) ; Q106788957 ; A Tsar Yeshe Yang (en) ; Denma Tsemang (en) ; Namkha Nyingpo (en) ; Tri Songdetsen (en) ; Namkhai Nyingpo (en) ; Sokpo Pelgyi Yeshe (en) ; Lang Pelgyi Sengge (en) ; Langdro Konchok Jungne (en) ; Vairocana (en) ; Khyé'u Chung Lotsawa (en) ; Gyelwai Lodro (en) ; Lasum Gyelwa Jangchub (en) ; Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje (en) ; Pal Gyi Sengé (en) ; Gyelwa Chokyang (en) ; Kawa Peltsek (en) ; Nubchen Sanggye Yeshe (en) ; Ma Rinchen Chok (en) ; Dorje Dudjom (en) ; Yeshe De (en) ; Yeshe Tsogyel (en) ; Odren Pelgyi Wangchuk (en) ;
Jarduerak
Jarduerak	Bhikkhu (en)
Sinesmenak eta ideologia
Erlijioa	Tantric Buddhism (en) ; budismoa

Padmasambhava ("Lototik jaioa"), Guru Rinpoche (Guru Ederra) eta Oaquiyna-ko Lotoa izenez ere ezaguna. Indiako Vajraren maisu tantriko budista izan zen, ustez, Vajrayanari irakatsi ziona, Tibeten (8. 9. mende bitartean).[1][2][3] Zenbait iturri tibetar goiztiarren arabera, Ba-ren Testamentua adibide, Tibetera VIII. mendean iritsi zen, eta Samyeko monasterioa eraikitzen lagundu zuen, Tibeteko lehen monasterio budista.[2] Hala ere, ezer gutxi dakigu benetako irudi historikoari buruz, Vajrayanarekin eta budismo indiarrarekin dituen loturez gain.[4][5]

Ondoren, Padmasambhava, budismoa Tibetera transmititzeko figura nagusitzat hartu da.[4] XII. mendetik aurrera, Padmasambhavari buruzko hagiografiak idatzi ziren. Lan horiek zabaldu egin zituzten Padmasambhavaren profila eta jarduerak, orain espiritu eta jainko tibetar guztien manipulazioa bezala ikusia, eta zenbait testu sekretu (terma) ezkutatzea etorkizuneko tertönentzat.[6] Nyangral Nyima Özer (1124–1192) izan zen Zangling-ma-ren autorea, Padmasambhavaren biografia zaharrena.[7][8] [9][10]

Budismo tibetar modernoan, Padmasambhava Buda Shakyamunik emandako Buda bat da.[1] Hagiografia tradizionalen arabera, ikasleek Yeshe Tsogyal eta Mandarava maistra handiak dituzte .[4] Nyingmako eskola garaikideak uste du Padmasambhava fundazio-irudia dela.[3] Nyingma eskolak ere tradizioz dio Dzogchen leinuaren jatorria Garab Dorje dela, Padmasambhavara zuzenean transmitituz.[11]

Tibeteko budismoan esaten da Padmasambavako irakaskuntzetan ahozko leinua (kama) eta altxor ezkutuko testuen leinua (termak) daudela.[12] Tibeteko budismoaren arabera, Padmasambhavako termak zorioneko izakiek aurkitu dituzte, eta tertöns (altxorraren bilatzaileak), berriz, baldintzak ondo beteta daudenean.[13] Esaten denez, Padmasambhavak tertöns dirudi ameslarien arteko topaketetan, eta haren forma guruaren yogan ikusten da, batez ere Nyingmako eskolan. Padmasambhava asko gurtzen dute budistek Tibeten, Nepalen, Bhutanen, Indiako Himalaiako estatuetan eta mundu osoko herrialdeetan.[14]

Irudi galeria

Pema Jungne, horma-irudia.
Padmasambhawaren estatua Hemiseko monasterioan, Ladakh, India.
Padmasambhava Samdruptse-n, Namchi, Sikkim, India.
Rinpocheren estatua (Padmasambhava), Yerpako,Tibet.
Padmasambhavako mantra idazkera tibetarrean.
Padmasambhavako muinoa, 123 oin (37,5 m) altu lainoan, Rewalsar lakua, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Padmasambhavako Thangka
Senge Dradrog, Padmasambhavako manifestazio suharra.

Erreferentziak

Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche, The Eight Manifestations of Guru Padmasambhava, (May 1992), https://turtlehill.org/cleanup/khen/eman.html
Schaik, Sam van. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press 2011, pp. 34-35.
Doney, Lewis. "Padmasambhava in Tibetan Buddhism" in Silk, Jonathan A. et al. Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, pp. 1197-1212. BRILL, Leiden, Boston.
Schaik, Sam van. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press 2011, page 34-5, 96-8.
Kværne, Per (2013). Tuttle, Gray; Schaeffer, Kurtis R. (eds.). The Tibetan history reader. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 168. ISBN 9780231144698.
Schaik, Sam van. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press 2011, p. 96.
Doney, Lewis. The Zangs gling ma. The First Padmasambhava Biography. Two Exemplars of the Earliest Attested Recension. 2014. MONUMENTA TIBETICA HISTORICA Abt. II: Band 3.
Dalton, Jacob. The Early Development of the Padmasambhava Legend in Tibet: A Study of IOL Tib J 644 and Pelliot tibétain 307. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 124, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 2004), pp. 759- 772
Germano, David (2005), "The Funerary Transformation of the Great Perfection (Rdzogs chen)", Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies (1): 1–54
Gyatso, Janet. (August 2006). «A Partial Genealogy of the Lifestory of Ye shes mtsho rgyal» The Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies (2).
Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal. Lion's Gaze: A Commentary on Tsig Sum Nedek. Sky Dancer Press, 1998.
Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche, Beauty of Awakened Mind: The Dzogchen Lineage of Shigpo Dudtsi. Dharma Samudra, 2013. https://www.padmasambhava.org/chiso/books-by-khenpo-rinpoches/beauty-of-awakened-mind-dzogchen-lineage-of-shigpo-dudtsi/
Fremantle, Francesca (2001). Luminous Emptiness: Understanding the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. ISBN 1-57062-450-X p.19
«Padmasambhava» Encyclopædia Britannica.

Ikus, gainera

Hilen Liburu Tibetarra

Kanpo estekak

Datuak: Q231582
Multimedia: Padmasambhava / Q231582

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[KPSR8-1] Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche, The Eight Manifestations of Guru Padmasambhava, (May 1992), https://turtlehill.org/cleanup/khen/eman.html

[:0-2] Schaik, Sam van. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press 2011, pp. 34-35.

[:2-3] Doney, Lewis. "Padmasambhava in Tibetan Buddhism" in Silk, Jonathan A. et al. Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, pp. 1197-1212. BRILL, Leiden, Boston.

[Schaik_2011,_page_34-52-4] Schaik, Sam van. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press 2011, page 34-5, 96-8.

[5] Kværne, Per (2013). Tuttle, Gray; Schaeffer, Kurtis R. (eds.). The Tibetan history reader. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 168. ISBN 9780231144698.

[6] Schaik, Sam van. Tibet: A History. Yale University Press 2011, p. 96.

[7] Doney, Lewis. The Zangs gling ma. The First Padmasambhava Biography. Two Exemplars of the Earliest Attested Recension. 2014. MONUMENTA TIBETICA HISTORICA Abt. II: Band 3.

[8] Dalton, Jacob. The Early Development of the Padmasambhava Legend in Tibet: A Study of IOL Tib J 644 and Pelliot tibétain 307. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 124, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 2004), pp. 759- 772

[:3-9] Germano, David (2005), "The Funerary Transformation of the Great Perfection (Rdzogs chen)", Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies (1): 1–54

[thlib.org2-10] Gyatso, Janet. (August 2006). «A Partial Genealogy of the Lifestory of Ye shes mtsho rgyal» The Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies (2).

[KPSR-11] Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal. Lion's Gaze: A Commentary on Tsig Sum Nedek. Sky Dancer Press, 1998.

[Khenchen-12] Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche, Beauty of Awakened Mind: The Dzogchen Lineage of Shigpo Dudtsi. Dharma Samudra, 2013. https://www.padmasambhava.org/chiso/books-by-khenpo-rinpoches/beauty-of-awakened-mind-dzogchen-lineage-of-shigpo-dudtsi/

[13] Fremantle, Francesca (2001). Luminous Emptiness: Understanding the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications, Inc. ISBN 1-57062-450-X p.19

[EB-14] «Padmasambhava» Encyclopædia Britannica.