Kiel legi la taksonomion
Kiel legi la taksonomion
Flavabrusta ikterio
Flavabrusta ikterio
Flavabrusta ikterio
Biologia klasado
Regno: Animaloj Animalia
Filumo: Ĥorduloj Chordata
Klaso: Birdoj Aves
Ordo: Paseroformaj Passeriformes
Familio: Paruliedoj Parulidae
Genro: Icteria
Specio: 'I. virens'
Icteria virens
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Konserva statuso
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Konserva statuso: Malplej zorgiga
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La Ikterio aŭ Flavabrusta ikterio (Icteria virens) estas granda kantobirdo, iam konsiderata la plej netipa membro de la familio de Paruliedoj, kvankam lastatempe oni supozas, ke fakte ĝi ne apartenas tie. Ties situo ne estas definitive solvita: eble al la Traŭpedoj. Ĝi estas la ununura membro de la genro Icteria.

Ĝi troviĝas en Nordameriko, el sudaj ebenaĵoj de Kanado al centra Meksiko somere, kaj tiuj birdoj kutime migras al Meksiko kaj Centrameriko, kvankam kelkaj el ties nombroj povas vintreresti en marbordaj areoj.

La Flavabrusta ikterio estas rimarkinde pli granda ol ĉiuj aliaj parulioj, atingante longon de 19 cm kaj enverguron de 24,8 cm. Tiu birdo havas olivecajn suprajn partojn kun blanka ventro kaj tre flavaj gorĝareo kaj brusto, kio nomigas la specion ankaŭ en la latina scienca nomo kie “virens” signifas “flava”, dum “Icteria” aludas ankaŭ al tiu sama koloro, de kiu vorto devenas la malsano iktero; ĝi havas ankaŭ longan voston, dikan ĉebaze fortikan nigrecan bekon, blankajn okulringojn duondividitajn de malhelgriza traokula strio, kaj ankaŭ malhelgrizajn krurojn. La vangoj estas malhelgrizaj kun blueca al ardeza nuanco. Kiel ĉe kelkaj paruliedoj estas blanka superokula strio kiu komencas larĝe el la supra bekobazo (simile al “larmomakuloj”) kaj kuniĝas al la supra duono de la okultingo kie finiĝas.

La reprodukta biotopo de tiu nearktisa specio estas densaj, arbustaraj areoj kaj heĝoj. La nestoj de tiuj birdoj estas tasformaj, kaj estas situaj en densaj arbustoj. Tiuj birdoj manĝas insektojn kaj berojn, kaj manĝas en densa vegetaĵaro, eventuale kaptante manĝerojn per piedoj.

La kanto de tiu birdo estas stranga kaj varia miksaĵo de klukoj, fajfoj kaj kornosonoj. La alvokoj estas akraj ĉak'oj. Malkiel ĉe plej parto de aliaj paruliedoj, oni scias, ke tii specio imitas la alvokojn de aliaj birdoj. Tiu birdo estas iom sekretema, sed kutime kantas el elstaraj lokoj.

Flavabrustaj ikterioj malpliiĝas en orienta Nordameriko pro habitatoperdo, kiu estas kaŭzata ĉefe de senarbarigo kaj urba disvolviĝo. Tiu specio estas partikulare vundebla pro nestoparazitado fare de la Brunkapa molotro kiu profitas el la arbarfragmentado de orientaj arbaroj kiu etendigis sian teritorion dum la lasta jarcento.

Referencoj

    Literaturo

    Libro

    • Eckerle, K. P., kaj C. F. Thompson. 2001. Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens). In The Birds of North America, No. 575 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

    Informoj

    • Bezener AM & Bishop CA. (2005). Literature review of riparian habitat requirements for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and its application to habitat restoration projects, a case example in the south Okanagan-Similkameen valleys, British Columbia. Canadian Research Index. p. n/a.
    • Cannings RJ. (1995). Status of the yellow-breasted chat in British Columbia. Canadian Research Index. p. n/a.

    Tezoj

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    • Fink ADD. Ph.D. (2003). Habitat use, demography, and population viability of disturbance-dependent shrubland birds in the Missouri Ozarks. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States—Missouri.
    • Hinojosa-Huerta OM. Ph.D. (2006). Birds, water, and saltcedar: Strategies for riparian restoration in the Colorado River delta. The University of Arizona, United States—Arizona.
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    • Mays HL, Jr. Ph.D. (2001). Extra-pair copulations, sexual conflict, and constraints on female breeding tactics in a monogamous passerine, the yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens. University of Kentucky, United States—Kentucky.
    • Moorman CE. Ph.D. (1999). Relationships between artificially created gaps and breeding birds in a southeastern bottomland forest. Clemson University, United States—South Carolina.
    • Thompson CF. Ph.D. (1971). DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION OF YELLOW-BREASTED CHATS, ICTERIA V. VIRENS (L.), IN SOUTHERN INDIANA. Indiana University, United States—Indiana.
    • Witt JW. Ph.D. (2005). Shrub and grassland birds at Occoquan Bay National Wildlife Refuge in northern Virginia and the influence burning and mowing has had upon their distribution and abundance. George Mason University, United States—Virginia.

    Artikoloj

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    Eksteraj ligiloj

    Birdoj
    Regno: Animalo  • Filumo: Ĥorduloj  • Subfilumo: Vertebruloj  • Infrafilumo: Makzeluloj  • Superklaso: Tetrapodoj  • Klaso: Birdoj
    Rilataj artikoloj: Birdomigrado ~ Birdoprotektado ~ Birdnestoj ~ Birdkanto
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