Zeittafel der Programmiersprachen
Dies ist eine zeitlich sortierte Liste bedeutender Programmiersprachen.
Liste
| Jahr | Name | Entwickler | Beeinflusst von |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | Plankalkül | Konrad Zuse | — |
| 1952 | A-0 | Grace Hopper | — |
| 1954 | Mark I Autocode | Tony Brooker | — |
| 1955 | FLOW-MATIC | Grace Hopper | A-0 |
| 1957 | Fortran | John W. Backus | A-0 |
| 1957 | General Problem Solver | Allen Newell | — |
| 1957 | COMIT | Victor Yngve | — |
| 1958 | Algol 58 | Mitglieder von ACM und GAMM | — |
| 1958 | Fortran II | Fortran | |
| 1959 | Lisp | John McCarthy | — |
| 1959 | RPG | IBM | — |
| 1959 | JOVIAL | Jules Schwartz | Algol |
| 1960 | COBOL | Grace Hopper, CODASYL | FLOW-MATIC, FACT, COMTRAN |
| 1960 | Algol 60 | John W. Backus, Peter Naur | Algol 58 |
| 1962 | SNOBOL | David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold und Ivan P. Polensky | COMIT |
| 1962 | APL | Kenneth E. Iverson | — |
| 1962 | PILOT | IBM | — |
| 1963 | CPL | Barron, Strachey | Algol 60 |
| 1964 | JOSS | Algol 58 | |
| 1964 | PL/I | IBM | Fortran, Algol 60 |
| 1964 | BASIC | John G. Kemeny und Thomas E. Kurtz | — |
| 1965 | Fortran IV | ANSI X3.4.3-1965 | Fortran II |
| 1965 | Simula | Ole-Johan Dahl und Kristen Nygaard bei Norsk Regnesentral | Algol 60 |
| 1966 | Algol W | Niklaus Wirth | Algol 60 |
| 1966 | Fortran 66 | ANSI X3.9-1966 | Fortran IV |
| 1966 | Logo | Seymour Papert | Lisp |
| 1966 | BCPL | Martin Richards | CPL |
| 1967 | SNOBOL4 | Bell Laboratories | SNOBOL3 |
| 1967 | MUMPS | Massachusetts General Hospital ANSI X11.1-1977 | — |
| 1967 | Simula 67 | Ole-Johan Dahl und Kristen Nygaard | Simula |
| 1968 | POP-1 | Rod Burstall, Robin Popplestone | COWSEL |
| 1968 | REFAL | Valentin Turtschin | — |
| 1968 | Algol 68 | Adriaan van Wijngaarden, Koster, Mailloux, Peck | Algol 60 |
| 1970 | POP-2 | POP-1 | |
| 1970 | B | Ken Thompson | BCPL |
| 1970 | Forth | Charles H. Moore | — |
| 1970 | PEARL | AEG, BBC, Siemens AG und GfK Karlsruhe (heute Karlsruher Institut für Technologie) | Algol 60, PL/I |
| 1970 | Icon | University of Arizona | Algol 60, SNOBOL 4 |
| 1971 | Pascal | Niklaus Wirth, Kathleen Jensen | Algol 58 |
| 1972 | Smalltalk 72 | Xerox PARC | Simula 67 |
| 1972 | C | Dennis Ritchie | B, BCPL, Algol 60 |
| 1972 | INTERCAL | Don Woods, James Lyons | — |
| 1972 | Prolog | Alain Colmerauer | — |
| 1973 | COMAL | Børge Christensen, Benedict Løfstedt | Pascal, BASIC |
| 1973 | ML | Robin Milner, Universität Edinburgh | — |
| 1974 | ELAN | TU Berlin | Algol 68 |
| 1974 | GRASS | Tom DeFanti | BASIC |
| 1975 | Scheme | Guy Lewis Steele Jr., Gerald Jay Sussman | Lisp, ALGOL |
| 1976 | Ratfor | Brian W. Kernighan | C, Fortran |
| 1976 | S | John Chambers (Bell Labs) | C, APL, PPL, Scheme |
| 1977 | Matlab | Cleve Moler | LINPACK, Eispack |
| 1977 | FP | John W. Backus | — |
| 1977 | Bourne-Shell (sh) | Stephen R. Bourne | — |
| 1978 | Fortran 77 | ANSI X3.9-1978 | Fortran IV |
| 1978 | awk | Alfred V. Aho, Peter J. Weinberger, Brian W. Kernighan | — |
| 1978 | Modula-2 | Niklaus Wirth | Pascal |
| 1978 | STOIC | Jonathan Sachs | Forth |
| 1979 | VULCAN, dBASE-II | Wayne Ratliff | — |
| 1980 | Smalltalk 80 | Smalltalk 72 | |
| 1980 | Ada | Jean Ichbiah und Honeywell Bull | — |
| 1981 | BASICA | Microsoft | BASIC |
| 1982 | PostScript | Adobe Inc. | Forth |
| 1982 | REXX | Michael F. Cowlishaw | PL/I |
| 1983 | GW-BASIC | Microsoft | BASICA |
| 1983 | Turbo Pascal | Anders Hejlsberg | Pascal |
| 1983 | Objective-C | Brad Cox, Tom Love | C, Smalltalk |
| 1983 | C++ | Bjarne Stroustrup | C, Simula 67, Algol 68 |
| 1983 | Beta | Bruun-Kristensen, Lehrmann Madsen, Møller-Pedersen, Nygaard | Simula 67 |
| 1983 | Ada 83 | Green | |
| 1983 | ABAP | SAP SE | COBOL |
| 1984 | Common Lisp | Guy L. Steele Jr., Scott E. Fahlman, Richard P. Gabriel, David A. Moon, Daniel L. Weinreb | Lisp Machine Lisp, Maclisp, Interlisp, Scheme |
| 1984 | Clipper | Nantucket | dBASE |
| 1984 | Foxpro | Fox Software | dBASE |
| 1985 | PARADOX | Borland | dBASE |
| 1985 | Occam | INMOS Ltd. | — |
| 1985 | Miranda | David Turner | Sasl, KRC |
| 1985 | Modula-2+ | DEC Systems Research Center | Modula-2 |
| 1985 | QuickBASIC | Microsoft | GW-BASIC |
| 1986 | Eiffel | Bertrand Meyer | Simula, OOP |
| 1987 | HyperCard | Apple | — |
| 1987 | SQL-1 | — | |
| 1987 | Perl | Larry Wall | awk, sed, C, Shell |
| 1988 | LPC | Lars Pensjö | C |
| 1988 | SDL | — | |
| 1988 | dBASE IV | dBASE III | |
| 1988 | Erlang | Joe Armstrong et al. Ericsson | LOTS |
| 1988 | Tcl | John Ousterhout | awk, Lisp |
| 1988 | Oberon | Niklaus Wirth | Modula-2 |
| 1989 | ANSI C (C89) | C, Algol 68 | |
| 1989 | Turbo Pascal+OOP | Borland | Turbo Pascal |
| 1990 | Component Pascal | Oberon microsystems | Oberon |
| 1990 | J | Ken Iverson und Roger Hui | APL |
| 1990 | Haskell | Miranda | |
| 1990 | Objective CAML | INRIA | ML |
| 1991 | Fortran 90 | ISO/IEC 1539:1991 | Fortran 77 |
| 1991 | Sather | Steve Omohundro, Gerhard Goos | Eiffel |
| 1991 | Modula-3 | DEC und Olivetti | Modula-2+ |
| 1991 | Python | Guido van Rossum | ABC, Modula-3 |
| 1991 | Q (1991) | Albert Graf | — |
| 1991 | Visual Basic Classic | Microsoft | BASIC |
| 1991 | QBasic | Microsoft | QuickBASIC |
| 1991 | Blitz Basic | Mark Sibly | BASIC |
| 1991 | PL/SQL | Oracle | COBOL, PL/I, Ada |
| 1992 | SQL-2 | SQL | |
| 1992 | SDL 92 | SDL | |
| 1992 | Borland Pascal | Turbo Pascal+OOP | |
| 1992 | Profan | Roland G. Hülsmann | — |
| 1993 | NewtonScript | Apple | Self |
| 1993 | AppleScript | Apple | HyperCard |
| 1993 | Lua | Roberto Ierusalimschy | Pascal, Scheme |
| 1993 | dBASE 5.0 | dBASE IV | |
| 1993 | Amiga E | Wouter van Oortmerssen | DEX, C, Modula-2 |
| 1993 | R | Ross Ihaka, Robert Gentleman | S, Scheme |
| 1994 | ANSI Common Lisp | Common Lisp | |
| 1994 | RPG IV | IBM | RPG |
| 1994 | Pike | Hübinette | LPC |
| 1995 | Object Pascal | Borland | Borland Pascal |
| 1995 | Java | Sun Microsystems | Smalltalk, Syntax von C++ |
| 1995 | Ada 95 | Ada 83 | |
| 1995 | Ruby | Yukihiro Matsumoto | Smalltalk, Perl, Eiffel |
| 1995 | JavaScript | Brendan Eich bei Netscape | Java, Self |
| 1996 | Mercury | Fergus Henderson, Thomas Conway und Zoltan Somogyi | Prolog, Haskell |
| 1996 | BUGS | David Spiegelhalter | — |
| 1996 | Embedded C++ | Embedded C++ Technical Committee (Industriekonsortium) | C++ |
| 1996 | VBScript | Microsoft | Visual Basic Classic |
| 1997 | Fortran 95 | ISO/IEC 1539-1:1997 | Fortran 90 |
| 1997 | PHP | Rasmus Lerdorf | C, Perl |
| 1997 | ECMAScript | ECMA TC39-TG1 | JavaScript |
| 1997 | REBOL | Carl Sassenrath | Self, Forth, Lisp, Logo |
| 1998 | PureBasic | Frédéric Laboureur, Fantaisie Software | Blitz Basic |
| 1998 | ISO C++ 98 | C++ | |
| 1998 | ActionScript | Gary Grossman, Adobe Inc. | JavaScript, Java |
| 1999 | ISO C 99 | ISO C 95 | |
| 1999 | Gambas | Benoit Minisini | Visual Basic |
| 1999 | D | Walter Bright | C |
| 2000 | Joy | Manfred von Thun | FP, Forth |
| 2000 | C# | Microsoft | Java, C++, Object Pascal |
| 2001 | Scala | Martin Odersky | Java, Pizza, ML, Haskell, Smalltalk, Erlang |
| 2002 | Visual Basic .NET | Microsoft | Visual Basic Classic, Java, C# |
| 2002 | F# | Microsoft | Objective CAML, ML, C# |
| 2003 | Falcon | Giancarlo Niccolai | C++, Perl, Lua, Smalltalk, PHP, Lisp, Python, Ruby |
| 2003 | ISO C++ 2003 | ISO C++ 98 | |
| 2003 | Boo | Rodrigo Barreto de Oliveira | Python |
| 2003 | Factor | Slava Pestov | Joy, Forth, Lisp |
| 2003 | S2 | Brad Fitzpatrick, Martin Atkins | Perl, C++ |
| 2003 | Nemerle | Universität Breslau | C#, ML, MetaHaskell |
| 2003 | NGL | Ernst Herrera Legorreta | J, FL, K |
| 2003 | Q (2003) | Arthur Whitney | K, APL |
| 2003 | AngelScript | Andreas Jönsson | C, C++ |
| 2003 | Groovy | James Strachan | Java, Python, Ruby |
| 2004 | Fortran 2003 | ISO/IEC 1539-1:2004 | Fortran 95 |
| 2004 | FreeBASIC | V1ctor | QBasic |
| 2004 | BlitzMax | Blitz Research Labs | Blitz Basic |
| 2005 | Aleph | Rene Heuer | Java, Forth, Lisp |
| 2005 | Seed7 | Thomas Mertes | Pascal, Modula-2, Ada, Algol 68, C, C++, Java |
| 2005 | Fantom | Brian Frank, Andy Frank | C#, Java, Scala, Ruby, Erlang |
| 2006 | Vala | Jürg Billeter, Raffaele Sandrini | C, C++, C#, Java |
| 2007 | Ada 2005 | Ada Rapporteur Group | Ada 95 |
| 2007 | Scratch | Mitchel Resnick, John Maloney, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Tammy Stern, Amon Millner, Jay Silver, and Brian Silverman | Logo, Smalltalk, Squeak, Etoys, HyperCard, AgentSheets, StarLogo, Tweak, Snap!/BYOB |
| 2008 | Genie | Jamie McCracken | Python, Boo, D, Object Pascal |
| 2008 | Pure | Albert Graf | Q (1991) |
| 2008 | Fortress | Guy L. Steele, Jr. | Fortran, Scala, Standard ML, Haskell |
| 2008 | Nim | Andreas Rumpf | Object Pascal, Oberon, C++, Modula-3, Ada, Lisp, Python |
| 2008 | Arc | Paul Graham | Lisp |
| 2009 | CoffeeScript | Jeremy Ashkenas | JavaScript, Ruby, Python, Haskell |
| 2009 | Go | Google Inc., Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, Ken Thompson | C |
| 2010 | Chapel | Brad Camberlain, Cray | HPF, ZPL |
| 2010 | Rust | Graydon Hoare, Mozilla | Alef, C++, Erlang, Hermes, Limbo, Napier, Newsqueak, Sather, Standard ML |
| 2010 | Gosu | Guidewire Software | Java, C# und ECMAScript |
| 2011 | Snap! | Jens Mönig | Scratch, Lisp, Scheme |
| 2011 | Ceylon | Gavin King, Red Hat | Smalltalk, ML, Java |
| 2011 | Dart | Google Inc., The Dart Team | JavaScript, Scala, Smalltalk, Strongtalk, C#, Erlang |
| 2011 | Elm | Evan Czaplicki | Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml, F# |
| 2011 | Kotlin | JetBrains | Java, Scala, C#, Groovy, Gosu |
| 2011 | ISO C++ 2011 | ISO C++ 2003 | |
| 2012 | TypeScript | Microsoft | JavaScript |
| 2012 | Julia | Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, Alan Edelman | Matlab, Scheme, Lisp, ML, Cecil, Dylan, PyPy, Ruby |
| 2014 | Swift | Apple | Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU |
| 2014 | Babelsberg/R | Tim Felgentreff, Alan Borning, Robert Hirschfeld, Maria Graber (Hasso-Plattner-Institut der Universität Potsdam) | Ruby |
| 2014 | Hack | Julien Verlaguet, Alok Menghrajani, Meta Platforms (vormals Facebook Inc.) | PHP, OCaml, Java, C#, Scala, Haskell |
| 2016 | Simit | MIT | |
| 2017 | Q#[1] | Microsoft | C#, F# |
| 2019 | Bosque[2] | Microsoft | TypeScript (Syntax), F# |
| 2021 | Logica[3] | SQL | |
| 2024 | Mojo[4] | Modular | Python |
Siehe auch
Einzelnachweise
- QuantumWriter: The Q# Programming Language. Abgerufen am 11. April 2018 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- MicrosoftResearch: Bosque Programming Language - Microsoft Research. Abgerufen am 27. Mai 2019 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- InfoWorld: Google’s Logica language addresses SQL’s flaws. Abgerufen am 7. Mai 2021 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- heise.de: Programmieren: KI-Sprache Mojo vorgestellt – wie Python, aber schnell und sicher. Abgerufen am 15. Januar 2024 (deutsch).
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