Sulfatlar
Sulfatlar — Minerallardır, Sulfat turşusunun duzlarıdır.Hal-hazırda dünyada 180 sulfatın mineralı vardır.
SO42− anionunun modeli
Xassələri
| Xassə | Nəticə |
|---|---|
| Möhkəmlik | 2–3,5 |
| İtirilmiş çəki | 1,5–6,4 |
| Rəng | Müxtəlifdir.Sulfatların əksər nümayəndələri qırmızı rəngdədir |
| İşığın tam daxili qayıtması | 1,44–1,88 |
| Həllolma | Sulfatların əksər nümayəndələri suda yaxşı həll olurlar |
İstinadlar
- 1.^ The Atom and the Molecule by Gilbert N. Lewis Journal of the American Chemical Society Volume 38, 1916, pages 762–785. See page 778: Lewis assigned to sulfur a negative charge of two, starting from six own valence electrons and ending up with eight electrons shared with the oxygen atoms. In fact, sulfur donates two electrons to the oxygen atoms.
- 2.^ The modern theory of valency Linus Pauling J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 1461–1467, doi:10.1039/JR9480001461
- 3.^ C.A. Coulson, Nature, 221, 1106 (1969)
- 4.^ K.A.R. Mitchell, Chem. Rev., 69, 157 (1969)
- 5.^ a b Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey (1966). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (2d Edn.). New York:Wiley.
- 6.^ a b Thorsten Stefan and Rudolf Janoschek: How relevant are S=O and P=O Double Bonds for the Description of the Acid Molecules H2SO3, H2SO4, and H3PO4, respectively?. Journal of Molecular Modeling, Volume 6, Number 2 / February 2000, p. 282–288. doi:10.1007/PL00010730
- 7.^ a b c Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419.
- 8.^ Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry F.Sherwood Taylor 6th Edition (1942) William Heinemann
- 9.^ Figure 3: The global mean radiative forcing of the climate system for the year 2000, relative to 1750. Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. IPCC.
- 10.^ Pincus & Baker 1994
- 11.^ Albrecht 1989
- 12.^ Chemical Amplification (or dampening) of the Twomey Effect: Conditions derived from droplet activation theory. T.A. Rissman, A. Nenes, J.H. Seinfeld
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