السلسلة البشرية (السياسة)

السلسلة البشرية هي شكل من أشكال المظاهرة التي يربط فيها الناس أذرعهم كدليل على التضامن السياسي. يمكن أن تشمل هذه السلاسل آلاف الأشخاص، حيث تم تسجيل الرقم القياسي العالمي في احتجاج عام 2017 في بيهار، الهند، والذي قدّر بعدد 20 مليون شخص بطول 11,292 كيلومتر (7,017 ميل).

قائمة السلاسل البشرية البارزة
Date Event Location Number of participants Purpose
ديسمبر 1982 Embrace the Base RAF Greenham Common Newbury, باركشير, إنجلترا 30,000 women Protested siting of American nuclear missiles in West Germany.
1 أبريل1983 14 ميل (23 كـم) human chain Greenham to Aldermaston and the ordnance factory at Burghfield 70,000 (40,000 – 80,000) Protested siting of American nuclear missiles in West Germany.
مايو 25, 1986 Hands Across America Across United States 5,000,000 Charitable event to raise money to fight hunger.
أغسطس 23, 1989 طريق البلطيق إستونيا; لاتفيا; ليتوانيا 2,000,000 Called for regaining independence for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union. Was followed by a similar chain on أغسطس 23, 1991, with people holding candles.
كانون الثاني 21, 1990 Reunion Day لفيف–كييف, جمهورية أوكرانيا الاشتراكية السوفيتية (الانأوكرانيا) 450,000 (according to Soviet militsiya); around 3,000,000 (according to organizers)[1] Marking the 71st anniversary of the Act Zluky, an agreement unifying the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian National Republic.
أغسطس 1997 XII World Youth Day, 1997 باريس, فرنسا 400,000 A 36 km ring surrounding Paris facing outwards, symbolically calling for peace.
16 مايو 1998 Jubilee 2000 Human Chain Birmingham, UK 70,000 – 100,000 The first Chain demonstration by Jubilee 2000, a coalition of church and faith groups, overseas development agencies and others at the G8 Summit in Birmingham, UK, to highlight the indebted poverty of many poor countries and the need for the G8, World Bank and IMF to act to remit that debt. The Chain surrounded Birmingham city center including the International Convention Center.
سبتمبر 8, 1999 Protest against violence in East Timor Lisbon over 300,000 A 20 km ring connecting the United Nations delegation and the embassies of Russia, China, UK, France and the US in Lisbon, calling for the end of violence in East Timor.[2]
2000 Latin American Jubilee 2000 Germany 50,000 Called for debt forgiveness for developing nations.
فبراير 28, 2004 228 Hand-in-Hand Rally Taiwan: from Keelung to Eluanbi (500 kilometers, 300 miles) over 1,000,000 (over 2,000,000 according to organizers) Commemoration of the فبراير 28 Incident and protest of People's Republic of China missiles aimed at Taiwan.
يوليو 25, 2004 Israeli Chain Gush Katif (Jewish communities adjacent to the Gaza Strip, Israel), to the Western Wall, Jerusalem (90 kilometers) 130,000 (according to police); 200,000 (according to organizers) Opposing Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's Disengagement Plan which involves dismantling of Jewish communities and settlements of Gush Katif.
ديسمبر 11, 2004 'No Confidence' campaign to the BNP-led alliance government Teknaf to Tentulia, Bangladesh over 5 million people and 1,050 km (652.4 miles) long The partipants were supporters of 14 opposition parties led by the Bangladesh Awami League to express their 'No Confidence' campaign to the BNP-led alliance government and to demand fresh polls.[3]
مايو 1, 2006 Great American Boycott New York City. (Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn Bronx) 12,000 (according to CNN [4]) Protesting H.R. 4437, a bill in Congress to toughen immigration checks.
فبراير 25, 2008 Gaza Chain Gaza 20,000 [5] Protesting Israeli blockade of Gaza
سبتمبر 1, 2008 "Stop Russia" campaign Georgia 1,000,000 (according to the Georgian authorities)[6] Protesting Russian military intervention
October 24, 2008 2009 Tamil protests in India Chennai, India 100,000 – 150,000 Protesting the violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Civil War.
ديسمبر 13, 2008 "Mumbai citizens form human chain to protest attacks" Mumbai, India 60,000 Protesting Against the terror attacks that took place in Mumbai on the 26th of November 2008
كانون الثاني 28, 2009 2009 Tamil protests in Canada[7] Toronto, Canada 20,000 Protesting the violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Civil War.
June 9, 2009 Green Chain, Iran's Presidential Election

2009 Iranian Election Protests		 Tehran, Iran 18,000 – 30,000 In support of Mir-Hossein Mousavi[8][9]
يوليو 2009 The Dolomites Embrace Africa Tre Cime di Lavaredo - Auronzo di Cadore - Dolomites - Italy 6000 people - 6 km Human Chain To ask the G8 leaders to take care of Africa and drop the debt of the poor countries

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvD9RVDgdaY https://www.365giorni.org/eventi-nazionali/le-dolomiti-abbracciano-lafrica/

October 2, 2009 Kerala CPM,

2009 ASEAN agreement Protest		 Kerala, India 3,000,000 - 4,000,000+ (30 to 40 lakh according to estimates made by organizers before the protest) Protesting against the ASEAN and New Delhi free trade agreement[10]
فبراير 3, 2010 Telangana JAC,

Telangana Human Chain		 Andhra Pradesh, India 50,000 The people of Telangana formed a 500 kilometers-long human chain all along the National Highway number 7 from Adilabad on the northernmost tip of the region to Alampur on the borders of Kurnool district, to press their demand for forming a separate state.[11][12]
ديسمبر 10, 2012 Human Chain for Human Rights. Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 20,000 tribal students. 25 km long Human chain formed for Human Rights on Human Rights Day on ديسمبر 10, 2012 by 20,000 tribal students of Kalinga Institute of Social Science (KISS) in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India .[13][14]
سبتمبر 11, 2013 Catalan Way Towards Independence Throughout Catalonia 1,600,000[15] 480 km long Human chain organized by the Assemblea Nacional Catalana for the independence of Catalonia.[16]
November 29, 2013 Pro-European Union protests / Against Russian intervention Various, largest from Ukraine to Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Also Lithuania - Latvia. >2,000,000[17] Symbolic "linking" of Ukraine to the European Union
June 8, 2014 Human Chain For The Right to Decide of the Basque Country Throughout Basque Country,[18] from Durango to Iruñea-Pamplona >150,000 123 km long Human chain organized by Gure Esku Dago for the Self-determination of the Basque Country.
سبتمبر 2015 The Dolomites Embrace Human Rights Tre Cime di Lavaredo - Auronzo di Cadore - Dolomites - Italy 6000 people - 6 km Human Chain To celebrate Human Rights and the 40th Anniversary of Amnesty International Italian section

https://www.amnesty.it/13-settembre-le-dolomiti-abbracciano-i-diritti-umani-una-catena-umana-di-6000-persone-per-la-liberta-la-giustizia-e-la-pace/ http://www.vita.it/it/article/2015/09/10/le-dolomiti-abbracciano-i-diritti-umani-una-gigantesca-catena-contro-l/136459/ https://www.ilgazzettino.it/nordest/belluno/mezzo_milione_di_clic_al_top_su_fb_video_di_amnesty_alle_tre_cime_auronzo-1592961.html

October 1, 2015 Madhesh Human Chain[19] Mechi to Mahakali, Hulaki Rajmarg, Nepal. >1,500,000 The 2015 Human Chain for Madhesh Movement was an organised protest in Nepal for pressurizing the government of Nepal to withdraw the discriminatory policies being institutionalized in the constitution that came in effect on 20 سبتمبر 2015. The Madheshis the residents and indigenous population of Madhesh, the southern plains of Nepal, created world record in creating 1155 km of human chain to draw attention of Nepal government.[20]
17 كانون الثاني 2016 Human chain to move 1400 sandbags Singapore Defending their loved ones. Organised by 8xx BN
ديسمبر 29, 2016 Kerala LDF,

2016 Indian Bank Note Demonetization Protest		 Kerala, India 1,000,000+ (10 lakh according to estimates made by the organizers) Protesting against the demonetization of ₹500 (US$7.40) and ₹1,000 (US$15) banknotes[21]
21 كانون الثاني 2017 Support for Total prohibition Bihar, India 20 million people and 11,292 كيلومتر (7,017 ميل) The participants expressed support to implement and promote complete Prohibition of liquor and intoxicants in the territory of the State of Bihar and in favour of the law to be passed by Nitish Kumar Government by forming human chain of around 12,760 km across the state of Bihar.[22]


June 10, 2018 Human chain for Basque self-determination 2018 Basque Autonomous Community, Spain 175,000 Advocacy for a right of the Basques to decide their political status.
01 كانون الثاني 2019 Vanitha Mathil (Women's wall) Kerala, India 3 to 5 million women The women's wall was formed for a distance of around 620 kilometers from Kasargod to Thiruvanathapuram to uphold gender equality and protest against gender discrimination. .
أغسطس 23, 2019 Hong Kong Way Hong Kong 210,000 Advocacy for withdrawal of the extradition bill and for democratic elections. The chain was nearly 50 km (30 mi) and stretched through Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories. It was held on the 30th anniversary of the Baltic Way Chain of Freedom, a peaceful gathering that called for independence from Soviet Russia.
October 27, 2019 2019 Lebanese protests[23][24] لبنان coastline 170,000 Symbolize the unity of the Lebanese protesters against austerity, political corruption and sectarianism. It ran from Tripoli to Tyre.

المراجع
  1. Reunion of Ukraine (video) (بالأوكرانية: ) نسخة محفوظة 3 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  2. "Mundo". an.com.br. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-03-01.
  3. "Longest human chain (length)". Guinness World Records (بالإنجليزية البريطانية). Archived from the original on 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
  4. "Thousands march for immigrant rights - مايو 1, 2006". CNN.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-09-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-09-01.
  5. "Israeli anarchists commend Gaza rally against blockade". www.ynetnews.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-10-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-06-28.
  6. Georgians stage mass protest نسخة محفوظة 2008-09-14 على موقع واي باك مشين.. news.com.au. سبتمبر 02, 2008.
  7. Aulakh، Raveena (28 يناير 2009). "'They are killing innocent people'". Toronto: thestar.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-11-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-09-01.
  8. "20 Km Human Chain in Tehran-June 8th". YouTube. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-04-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-09-01.
  9. "BBC فارسی - ايران - زنجیره انسانی ۲۵ کیلومتری حامیان موسوی در تهران". Bbc.co.uk. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-11-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-09-01.
  10. IANS, Sep 30, 2009, 11.22am IST (30 سبتمبر 2009). "CPM activists to form 500km human chain in Kerala to protest India, ASEAN free trade deal - India - The Times of India". The Times of India. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-10-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-09-01.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء عددية: قائمة المؤلفين (link) صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
  11. "Pix: 'Longest human chain' formed for Telangana: Rediff.com News". News.rediff.com. 3 فبراير 2010. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-09-01.
  12. "'Longest human chain' formed for Telangana". rediff news. فبراير 2010. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-31.
  13. "25 km Human chain formed". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-24.
  14. "Human Chain Human Rights". Yahoo! News India. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-10.
  15. "1.600.000 persones, com a mínim" (بالكتالونية). 324.cat. 11 Sep 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-01-14.
  16. "El recorregut de la cadena humana de l'Onze de Setembre ja és públic" (بالكتالونية). Vilaweb. Archived from the original on 2019-04-16. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  17. "A human chain in Vilnius showed support of Ukraine". The Lithuania Tribune. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-03-13.
  18. "Euskal kultura - News". Euskal kultura. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-05-06.
  19. "JOIN MADHESH HUMAN CHAIN - 1ST OCTOBER, 1 PM @ HULAKI RAJMARG". Madhesi Youth (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). 1 Oct 2015. Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
  20. REPUBLICA. "My Republica - UDMF says it formed world's longest human chain to protest constitution". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-10-04.
  21. PTI, Dec 29, 2016, 8.26pm IST (29 ديسمبر 2016). "LDF's 'Human Chain' protest against demonetisation in Kerala". The Economic Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-29.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء عددية: قائمة المؤلفين (link) صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
  22. "Bihar forms world's largest human chain against alcoholism and liquor". The Indian Express (بIndian English). 21 Jan 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-06-17. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
  23. "Lebanon protesters form human chain across the country". الجزيرة. 27 أكتوبر 2019. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-11-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-28.
  24. Elassar، Alaa (27 أكتوبر 2019). "Protesters in Lebanon formed a human chain across the entire country". سي إن إن. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-11-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-28.
  • أيقونة بوابةبوابة السياسة
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