ParaHoxozoa

ParaHoxozoa (of Parahoxozoa) is 'n klade van diere van bestaan uit Bilateria, Placozoa, en Cnidaria.[1] Die verwantskap van hierdie klade relatief tot die twee ander diere-afstammelinge Ctenophora en Porifera word gedebatteer. Sommige filogenomiese studies het bewyse gelewer wat Ctenophora as die suster van Parahoxozoa en Porifera as die sustergroep aan die res van diere ondersteun.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Sommige studies het bewyse gelewer wat Porifera as die suster van Parahoxozoa en Ctenophora as die sustergroep aan die res van diere ondersteun.[8][9][10][11][12]

ParaHoxozoa
Tydperk: 605.2–0 m. jaar gelede
Ediacarium‒Hede
Diversiteit van parahoxozoans
Wetenskaplike klassifikasie e
Domein: Eukaryota
Koninkryk: Animalia
Subkoninkryk: Eumetazoa
Klade: ParaHoxozoa
Ryan et al., 2010
Taxa

Filogenie

Die boom hieronder, wat kongruent is met die oorgrote meerderheid van hierdie filogenomiese studies, dra hierdie onsekerheid oor met 'n politomie.

Choanozoa

Choanoflagellata


Animalia

Ctenophora

Porifera


Parahoxozoa

Placozoa


Planulozoa

Cnidaria

Bilateria






ParaHoxozoa of Parahoxozoa

Alhoewel "ParaHox" gene word gewoonlik in CamelCase verwys, en die oorspronklike papier wat die klade genoem het het "ParaHoxozoa" gebruik, die enkele aanvanklike hoofletterformaat "Parahoxozoa" het meer algemeen in die literatuur geword aangesien CamelCase nie standaard in dierkundige nomenklatuur is nie.

Verwysings
  1. Ryan, Joseph F.; Pang, Kevin; Mullikin, James C.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Baxevanis, Andreas D. (4 Oktober 2010). "The homeodomain complement of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi suggests that Ctenophora and Porifera diverged prior to the Parahoxozoa". EvoDevo. 1 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/2041-9139-1-9. ISSN 2041-9139. PMC 2959044. PMID 20920347.
  2. Pick, K. S.; Philippe, H.; Schreiber, F.; Erpenbeck, D.; Jackson, D. J.; Wrede, P.; Wiens, M.; Alie, A.; Morgenstern, B.; Manuel, M.; Worheide, G. (2010). "Improved Phylogenomic Taxon Sampling Noticeably Affects Nonbilaterian Relationships". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 27 (9): 1983–1987. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq089. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 2922619. PMID 20378579.
  3. Nosenko, Tetyana; Schreiber, Fabian; Adamska, Maja; Adamski, Marcin; Eitel, Michael; Hammel, Jörg; Maldonado, Manuel; Müller, Werner E.G.; Nickel, Michael; Schierwater, Bernd; Vacelet, Jean; Wiens, Matthias; Wörheide, Gert (2013). "Deep metazoan phylogeny: When different genes tell different stories". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 67 (1): 223–233. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.010. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 23353073.
  4. Pisani, Davide; Pett, Walker; Dohrmann, Martin; Feuda, Roberto; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Philippe, Hervé; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert (15 Desember 2015). "Genomic data do not support comb jellies as the sister group to all other animals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (50): 15402–15407. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11215402P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518127112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4687580. PMID 26621703.
  5. Feuda, Roberto; Dohrmann, Martin; Pett, Walker; Philippe, Hervé; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Lartillot, Nicolas; Wörheide, Gert; Pisani, Davide (2017). "Improved Modeling of Compositional Heterogeneity Supports Sponges as Sister to All Other Animals". Current Biology. 6 (24): 3864–3870.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.008. PMID 29199080.
  6. Simion, Paul; Philippe, Hervé; Baurain, Denis; Jager, Muriel; Richter, Daniel J.; Franco, Arnaud Di; Roure, Béatrice; Satoh, Nori; Quéinnec, Éric (3 April 2017). "A Large and Consistent Phylogenomic Dataset Supports Sponges as the Sister Group to All Other Animals" (PDF). Current Biology (Submitted manuscript). 27 (7): 958–967. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.031. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 28318975. S2CID 4560353.
  7. Leclère, Lucas; Horin, Coralie; Chevalier, Sandra; Lapébie, Pascal; Dru, Philippe; Peron, Sophie; Jager, Muriel; Condamine, Thomas; Pottin, Karen; Romano, Séverine; Steger, Julia; Sinigaglia, Chiara; Barreau, Carine; Quiroga Artigas, Gonzalo; Ruggiero, Antonella; Fourrage, Cécile; Kraus, Johanna E. M.; Poulain, Julie; Aury, Jean-Marc; Wincker, Patrick; Quéinnec, Eric; Technau, Ulrich; Manuel, Michaël; Momose, Tsuyoshi; Houliston, Evelyn; Copley, Richard R. (2019). "The genome of the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica and the evolution of the cnidarian life-cycle". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (5): 801–810. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0833-2. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30858591.
  8. Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Matus, David Q.; Pang, Kevin; Browne, William E.; Smith, Stephen A.; Seaver, Elaine; Rouse, Greg W.; Obst, Matthias; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Sørensen, Martin V.; Haddock, Steven H. D.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas; Okusu, Akiko; Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg; Wheeler, Ward C.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature. 452 (7188): 745–749. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..745D. doi:10.1038/nature06614. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 18322464. S2CID 4397099.
  9. Hejnol, Andreas; Obst, Matthias; Stamatakis, Alexandros; Ott, Michael; Rouse, Greg W.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Martinez, Pedro; Baguñà, Jaume; Bailly, Xavier; Jondelius, Ulf; Wiens, Matthias; Müller, Werner E. G.; Seaver, Elaine; Wheeler, Ward C.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Dunn, Casey W. (2009). "Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1677): 4261–4270. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0896. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 2817096. PMID 19759036.
  10. Ryan, J. F.; Pang, K.; Schnitzler, C. E.; Nguyen, A.-D.; Moreland, R. T.; Simmons, D. K.; Koch, B. J.; Francis, W. R.; Havlak, P.; Smith, S. A.; Putnam, N. H.; Haddock, S. H. D.; Dunn, C. W.; Wolfsberg, T. G.; Mullikin, J. C.; Martindale, M. Q.; Baxevanis, A. D. (2013). "The Genome of the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and Its Implications for Cell Type Evolution". Science. 342 (6164): 1242592. doi:10.1126/science.1242592. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3920664. PMID 24337300.
  11. Shen, Xing-Xing; Hittinger, Chris Todd; Rokas, Antonis (2017). "Contentious relationships in phylogenomic studies can be driven by a handful of genes". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (5): 126. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0126. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 5560076. PMID 28812701.
  12. Erives, Albert; Fritzsch, Bernd (2020). "A Screen for Gene Paralogies Delineating Evolutionary Branching Order of Early Metazoa". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 10 (2): 811–826. doi:10.1534/g3.119.400951. ISSN 2160-1836. PMC 7003098. PMID 31879283.
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