Nonaan

Nonaan is 'n lineêre koolwaterstof en alkaan met die chemiese formule C₉H₂₀. Dit is 'n kleurlose, vlambare vloeistof, wat hoofsaaklik voorkom in die keroseenkomponent van die petroleumdistillaatfraksie. Dit word gebruik as verwarmings-, trekker- en vliegtuigbrandstof.[5] Nonaan word ook gebruik as oplosmiddel, distillasie-middel, brandstofadditief, en as 'n komponent in bio-afbreekbare skoonmaakmiddels.[2][6]

**Eienskappe**
Algemeen
Naam	Nonaan
IUSTC-naam	Nonaan[1]
Ander name	n-nonaan nonilhidried[2]
Struktuurformule van Nonaan
Chemiese formule	C₉H₂₀
Molêre massa	128,259 g•mol^-1
CAS-nommer	111-84-2
Voorkoms	Kleurlose vloeistof
Reuk	petrolagtig
Fasegedrag
Smeltpunt	-54,1 tot -53,1 °C
Kookpunt	150,4 tot 151,0 °C
Digtheid	0,718 g•cm^-3
Oplosbaarheid
Viskositeit	0
Termodinamies
Δ_fH^ɵ	−275,7 kJ•mol^-1
Δ_cH^ɵ	−6125 kJ•mol^-1
Henry se konstante	1,7 nmol•Pa^-1•kg^-1
Warmtekapasiteit	284,34 J•K^-1•mol^-1
Suur-basis eienskappe
pKa
Veiligheid
Flitspunt
LD₅₀	220 mg•kg^-1[3]
LC₅₀	3200 dpm (rotte)[4]
Tensy anders vermeld is alle data vir standaardtemperatuur en -druk toestande.

Portaal Chemie

Nonaan het 35 strukturele isomere. Sy substituentvorm word noniel genoem. Die sikloalkaan-eweknie is siklononaan, (C₉H₁₈).

In teenstelling met die meeste alkane, kom die voorvoegsel in sy naam van Latyn, nie Grieks nie.

Siklononaan (C₉H₁₈)

Alhoewel nonaan as brandstof en oplosmiddel gebruik word, het gesubstitueerde derivate van nonaan baie gebruike. Byvoorbeeld, 3-metielnonaan-2,4-dioon word as 'n vrugtige voedselgeursel gebruik.[7]

Verbrandingsreaksies

Nonaan ondergaan verbrandingsreaksies wat soortgelyk is aan ander alkane. In die teenwoordigheid van voldoende suurstof verbrand nonaan om water en koolstofdioksied te vorm:

C₉H₂₀ + 14 O₂ → 9 CO₂ + 10 H₂O

Wanneer onvoldoende suurstof beskikbaar is vir volledige verbranding, word koolstofmonoksied in die brandprodukte ingesluit:

2 C₉H₂₀ + 19 O₂ → 18 CO + 20 H₂O

Sien ook

lys van oplosmiddels

Verwysings

"nonane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound (in Engels). USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Besoek op 18 Junie 2021.
Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane (PDF). Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. (in Engels). The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands. 2005. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike (pdf) op 28 Februarie 2018.
Gangolli, S.; Richardson, M.L., reds. (1999). The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects: K-N. The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects (in Engels). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 283-85. ISBN 978-0-85404-828-1.
Carpenter, C.P.; Geary, D.L.; Myers, R.C.; Nachreiner, D.J.; Sullivan, L.J.; King, J.M. (1978). "Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies XVII. Animal response to n-nonane vapor". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (in Engels). Elsevier BV. 44 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(78)90283-1. ISSN 0041-008X.
"Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". Chemistry Explained (in Engels). Besoek op 18 Junie 2021.
"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Nonane.". Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices (in Engels) (6de uitg.). Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH. 1991. pp. 1139–40.
Kato, Yasushi; Yuasa, Yoshifumi (2001). "Practical Synthesis of 3-Methylnonane-2,4-dione, an Intense Strawlike and Fruity Flavored Compound". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (in Engels). American Chemical Society. 49 (8): 3864–3866. doi:10.1021/jf0100954. ISSN 0021-8561.

Eksterne skakels

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[NCBI-1] "nonane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound (in Engels). USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Besoek op 18 Junie 2021.

[gezondheidsraad-2] Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane (PDF). Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. (in Engels). The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands. 2005. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike (pdf) op 28 Februarie 2018.

[Gangolli-3] Gangolli, S.; Richardson, M.L., reds. (1999). The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects: K-N. The Dictionary of Substances and Their Effects (in Engels). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 283-85. ISBN 978-0-85404-828-1.

[Carpenter1978-4] Carpenter, C.P.; Geary, D.L.; Myers, R.C.; Nachreiner, D.J.; Sullivan, L.J.; King, J.M. (1978). "Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies XVII. Animal response to n-nonane vapor". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (in Engels). Elsevier BV. 44 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(78)90283-1. ISSN 0041-008X.

[Petroleum-5] "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". Chemistry Explained (in Engels). Besoek op 18 Junie 2021.

[ACGIH-6] "American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Nonane.". Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices (in Engels) (6de uitg.). Cincinnati OH, USA: ACGIH. 1991. pp. 1139–40.

[Kato2001-7] Kato, Yasushi; Yuasa, Yoshifumi (2001). "Practical Synthesis of 3-Methylnonane-2,4-dione, an Intense Strawlike and Fruity Flavored Compound". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (in Engels). American Chemical Society. 49 (8): 3864–3866. doi:10.1021/jf0100954. ISSN 0021-8561.