Eridu

	Eridu
Land	Irak
Soort	Nedersetting
Streek	Mesopotamië
Oppervlakte	Hoogstens 10 ha
	Geskiedenis
Gestig	Omstreeks 5400 v.C.
	Unesco-wêrelderfenisgebied
Deel van	Ahwar van Suid-Irak
Tipe	Gemeng
Kriteria	(iii)(v)(ix)(x)
Verwysing	1481-007
Inskripsie	2016
Streek†	Suid-Irak
Beskrywing*	Tell Eridu Archaeological Site
	† Streek soos deur Unesco geklassifiseer.; * Naam soos op die Wêrelderfenislys

Eridu (Sumeries: 𒉣𒆠, NUN.KI/eridug^ki; Akkadies: Irîtu; Arabies: Tell Abu Shahrain) is ’n argeologiese terrein in Suid-Mesopotamië (die hedendaagse Irak). Dit is lank beskou as die vroegste stad in die streek.[1]

Eridu is 12 km suidwes van Ur geleë en was die suidelikste stad in ’n groep Sumeriese stede wat feitlik binne sig van mekaar om tempels ontwikkel het.[2] In die Sumeriese mitologie was Eridu oorspronklik die tuiste van die god Enki, wat later onder die Akkadiërs as Ea bekend was. Hy is algemeen beskou as die stigter van die stad. Sy tempel is É-Abzu genoem, want daar is geglo Enki woon in Abzu, die oersee waaruit alle lewe ontstaan het.

Die terrein by Tel Abu Shahrain, naby Basra, is al vier keer uitgegrawe, aanvanklik deur John George Taylor in 1855, R. Campbell Thompson in 1918 en H.R. Hall in 1919.[3][4][5] Uitgrawings is van 1946 tot 1949 hervat onder Fuad Safar en Seton Lloyd van Irak.[6]

Volgens A. Leo Oppenheim het die argeologiese ondersoeke getoon die hele suide het eindelik gestagneer en dat die politieke inisiatief aan die stede van die noorde oorgelaat is, moontlik weens die toenemende versouting van die grond as gevolg van voortdurende besproeiing, en van 600 v.C. af was die stad verlate.[7]

Verwysings

Leick, Gwendolyn (2002), "Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City" (Penguin). Google Books.
Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). Worlds Together, Worlds Apart concise edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. p. 51. ISBN 9780393250930.
Taylor, JE (1855), "Notes on Abu Shahrein and Tell el Lahm", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 15, pp. 404–15
Campbell Thompson, R (1920), "The British Museum excavations at Abu Shahrain in Mesopotamia in 1918", Archaeologia, 70, pp. 101–44
Hall, HR (1925), "The Excavations of 1919 at Ur, el-'Obeid, and Eridu, and the History of Early Babylonia", Man, 25, Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 1–7
Safar, Fuad; Mustafa, MA; Lloyd, Seton (1981), Eridu, Iraq: Ministry of Culture and Information, State Organization of Antiquites and Heritage
A. Leo Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964, hersien in 1977

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[1] Leick, Gwendolyn (2002), "Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City" (Penguin). Google Books.

[:0-2] Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). Worlds Together, Worlds Apart concise edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. p. 51. ISBN 9780393250930.

[3] Taylor, JE (1855), "Notes on Abu Shahrein and Tell el Lahm", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 15, pp. 404–15

[4] Campbell Thompson, R (1920), "The British Museum excavations at Abu Shahrain in Mesopotamia in 1918", Archaeologia, 70, pp. 101–44

[5] Hall, HR (1925), "The Excavations of 1919 at Ur, el-'Obeid, and Eridu, and the History of Early Babylonia", Man, 25, Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 1–7

[6] Safar, Fuad; Mustafa, MA; Lloyd, Seton (1981), Eridu, Iraq: Ministry of Culture and Information, State Organization of Antiquites and Heritage

[7] A. Leo Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964, hersien in 1977